[109] During the long and complicated maneuvers against Vicksburg, one newspaper complained that the "army was being ruined in mud-turtle expeditions, under the leadership of a drunkard [Grant], whose confidential adviser [Sherman] was a lunatic". [298] The admiration of scholars such as B. H. Liddell Hart,[299] Lloyd Lewis, Victor Davis Hanson,[300] John F. Marszalek,[301] and Brian Holden-Reid[302] for Sherman owes much to what they see as an approach to the exigencies of modern armed conflict that was both effective and principled. [177] Some abolitionists accused Sherman of doing too little to alleviate the precarious living conditions of these refugees, motivating Secretary of War Stanton to travel to Georgia in January 1865 to investigate the situation. The severity of the destructive acts by Union troops was significantly greater in South Carolina than in Georgia or North Carolina. This was the largest single capitulation of the war. Sherman, William T. (William Tecumseh), 1820-1891. [160], Sherman believed that the terms that he had agreed to were consistent with the views that Lincoln had expressed at City Point, and that they offered the best way to prevent Johnston from ordering his men to go into the wilderness and conduct a destructive guerrilla campaign. Here's how General Sherman got its name(s)", "The Religion of William Tecumseh Sherman", The Destructive War: William Tecumseh Sherman, Stonewall Jackson, and the Americans, Patriotic Gore: Studies in the Literature of the American Civil War, Works by or about William Tecumseh Sherman, Military orders of General William T. Sherman, 1861'65, William T. Sherman Family Papers: 18081959, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=William_Tecumseh_Sherman&oldid=1133383802, William Tecumseh Jr. ("Willie") (18541863), This page was last edited on 13 January 2023, at 14:25. [26], Upon graduation in 1840, Sherman entered the army as a second lieutenant in the 3rd U.S. [10][258] During this period, he remained in contact with war veterans, and he was an active member of various social and charitable organizations. [281] In 1888, Sherman wrote publicly that "my immediate family are strongly Catholic. Lincoln happened to be at City Point at the same time, making possible the only three-way meeting of Lincoln, Grant, and Sherman during the war. A bill was introduced in Congress to promote Sherman to Grant's rank of lieutenant general, probably with a view towards having him replace Grant as commander of the Union Army. [28], While many of his colleagues saw action in the MexicanAmerican War, Sherman was assigned to administrative duties in the captured territory of California. [223][h], In June 1865, two months after Lee's surrender at Appomattox, Sherman received his first postwar command, originally called the Military Division of the Mississippi, later the Military Division of the Missouri, which came to comprise the territory between the Mississippi River and the Rocky Mountains. According to critic Edmund Wilson, Sherman: [H]ad a trained gift of self-expression and was, as Mark Twain says, a master of narrative. Thomas Ewing Sherman (1856-1933) 2. Sherman's father died unexpectedly in 1829, when Sherman was nine years old, and due to the family's financial problems, he was sent to live with Lancaster . [124] As Grant took overall command of the armies of the United States, Sherman wrote to him outlining his strategy to bring the war to an end: "If you can whip Lee and I can march to the Atlantic I think ol' Uncle Abe [Lincoln] will give us twenty days leave to see the young folks. [266] President Benjamin Harrison, who served under Sherman, sent a telegram to Sherman's family and ordered all national flags to be flown at half staff. Fires began that night and by next morning most of the central city was destroyed. [239], When Grant became president in 1869, Sherman was appointed Commanding General of the United States Army and promoted to the rank of full general. [47] He suffered from asthma attacks, which he attributed in part to stress caused by the city's aggressive business culture. His father died when he was nine years old, and Sherman was raised by Senator Thomas Ewing and eventually married into the fam [16] Sherman had already been baptized as an infant by a Presbyterian minister[17][18] and recent biographers believe, contrary to Lewis's claims, that he was probably given the first name "William" at that time. Liddell Hart. Edited by Charles Royster "General Sherman's Memoirs are valuable precisely because they strip away the ardor by which the man was judged a saint or a Satan, and restore him as a soldier who knew that, however painful, the shortest course through war is always the best." [83] While he was at home, his wife Ellen wrote to his brother, Senator John Sherman, seeking advice and complaining of "that melancholy insanity to which your family is subject". Copies of Letters of William Tecumseh Sherman in 1859-61 and Other Communications, etc. William Tecumseh Sherman family tree Parents James Edgar Sherman 1839 - 1919 Joanna Williams 1836 - 1899 Spouse (s) Margaret E . Sherman's nine-year-old son, Willie, the "Little Sergeant", died from typhoid fever contracted during the trip. "[275] In letters written in 1865 to Thomas, his eldest surviving son, General Sherman said "I don't want you to be a soldier or a priest, but a good useful man",[276] and complained that Thomas's mother Ellen "thinks religion is so important that everything else must give way to it". The William Tecumseh Sherman Family Papers, as they were deposited in the University of Notre Dame Archives by Miss Eleanor Sherman Fitch, the granddaughter of General Sherman, prior to her death in 1959, consisted of correspondence, clippings, photographs, scrapbooks, diaries, various legal papers and documents, cancelled checks, bankbooks . His conduct and deportment toward us characterized him as a friend and a gentleman. [100], In December, Sherman's forces suffered a severe repulse at the Battle of Chickasaw Bayou, just north of Vicksburg. Sherman served in that capacity from 1869 until 1883 and was responsible for the U.S. Army's engagement in the Indian Wars. Contents 1 Early life 1.1 Sherman's given names 1.2 Military training and service 1.3 Marriage and business career 1.4 Military college superintendent 1.5 St. Louis interlude 2 Civil War service 2.1 First commissions and Bull Run 2.2 Kentucky and breakdown 2.3 Shiloh 2.4 Vicksburg 2.5 Chattanooga 2.6 Atlanta 2.7 March to the Sea [185], Towards the end of the Civil War, some elements within the Republican Party regarded Sherman as being strongly prejudiced against black people. He served as a General in the Union Army during the American Civil War (1861-65), for whi [39] He also opened a general store in Coloma, which earned him $1,500 in 1849 while his army salary was only $70 a month. Before the Civil War, however, the more conservative William T. had expressed some sympathy for the white Southerners' defense of their traditional agrarian system, including the institution of slavery. He lived in Harvey Township, Cowley, Kansas, United States in 1900 and Oswego, Labette, Kansas, United . "Yes," Grant replied, puffing on his cigar. [195] Liddell Hart also declared that the study of Sherman's campaigns had contributed significantly to his own "theory of strategy and tactics in mechanized warfare", and claimed that this had in turn influenced Heinz Guderian's doctrine of Blitzkrieg and Rommel's use of tanks during the Second World War. [45][46] He resigned his commission in 1853 and entered civilian life as manager of the San Francisco branch of the Bank of Lucas, Turner & Co., whose corporate headquarters were in St. Louis. [128][129] Meanwhile, in August, Sherman "learned that I had been commissioned a major-general in the regular army, which was unexpected, and not desired until successful in the capture of Atlanta". The resulting trial of Satanta and Big Tree marked the first occasion in which Native American chiefs were tried by a civilian court in the United States. Sherman commanded the division on the extreme right of the Union's right wing (under George Henry Thomas). In early November, Sherman asked to be relieved of his command. [304] Sherman is represented astride his horse Ontario and led by a winged female figure of Victory. William Tecumseh Sherman (WTS) was born in Lancaster, Fairfield County, OH, and he died in New York City, NY. [273] He later married his foster sister Ellen, who was also a devout Catholic. "[271] He is buried in Calvary Cemetery in St. When William Tecumseh Sherman was born on 12 December 1828, in Columbia, New York, United States, his father, Roger Stevens Sherman, was 32 and his mother, Orilla Moses, was 34. I know him well. In all else you are totally unprepared, with a bad cause to start with. [24] Fellow cadet William Rosecrans remembered Sherman as "one of the brightest and most popular fellows" at the academy and as "a bright-eyed, red-headed fellow, who was always prepared for a lark of any kind". [81][82] He was promptly replaced by Don Carlos Buell and transferred to St. Louis. This strategy has been characterized by some military historians as an early form of total war, although the appropriateness of that term has been questioned by many scholars. Along with fellow Lieutenants Henry Halleck and Edward Ord, Sherman embarked from New York City on the 198-day journey around Cape Horn, aboard the converted sloop USS Lexington. [179][180] According to historian Eric Foner, "the 'Colloquy' between Sherman, Stanton, and the black leaders offered a rare lens through which the experience of slavery and the aspirations that would help to shape Reconstruction came into sharp focus."[176]. [102] Soon after, Major General John A. McClernand ordered Sherman's XV Corps to join in his assault on Arkansas Post. [90] This success contributed greatly to raising Sherman's spirits and changing his personal outlook on the Civil War and his role in it. Still, if he muffed his Vicksburg assignment, which had begun unfavorably, he would rise no higher. Afterwards the rank of Commander, Military Division of the Mississippi, 1864-1866; Commander, Military Division of the Missouri, 1866-1869. In his memoirs, Sherman said, "In my official report of this conflagration, I distinctly charged it to General Wade Hampton, and confess I did so pointedly, to shake the faith of his people in him, for he was in my opinion boastful, and professed to be the special champion of South Carolina. [23] Sherman roomed with and befriended another important future Civil War general for the Union, George H. Thomas. This letter was to James E. Yeatman, May 21, 1865, and is excerpted more extensively (and with slight variations) in Bowman and Irwin. "[283][284], "Since the public mind has settled to the conclusion that the institution of slavery was so interwoven in our system that nothing but the interposition of Providence and horrid war could have eradicated it, and now that it is in the distant past, and that we as a nation, North and South, East and West, are the better for it, we believe that the war was worth to us all it cost in life and treasure." [214] One of the most serious accusations against Sherman was that he allowed his troops to burn the city of Columbia. Sherman excelled academically at West Point, but he treated the demerit system with indifference. Father of Edward Sherman. [291] This led to the publication of several works, notably John B. Walters's Merchant of Terror: General Sherman and Total War (1973),[292] that presented Sherman as responsible for "a mode of warfare which transgressed all ethical rules and showed an utter disregard for human rights and dignity. William Tecumseh Sherman (/tkms/ tih-KUM-s;[4][5] February 8, 1820 February 14, 1891) was an American soldier, businessman, educator, and author. [34] In June 1848, Sherman accompanied the military governor of California, Col. Richard Barnes Mason, to inspect the gold mines at Sutter's Fort. [165], Sherman was not an abolitionist before the war and, like others of his time and background, he did not believe in "Negro equality". The North can make a steam engine, locomotive, or railway car; hardly a yard of cloth or pair of shoes can you make. [80], Having succeeded Anderson at Louisville, Sherman now had principal military responsibility for Kentucky, a border state in which the Confederates held Columbus and Bowling Green, and were also present near the Cumberland Gap. [278], Some modern historians have characterized Sherman as a deist in the manner of Thomas Jefferson,[279] while others identify him as an agnostic who accepted many Christian values but lacked faith. [159], Following Lee's surrender and the assassination of Lincoln, Sherman met with Johnston on April 17, 1865, at Bennett Place in Durham, North Carolina, to negotiate a Confederate surrender. Birthdate: September 05, 1855. "[125], Sherman proceeded to invade the state of Georgia with three armies: the 60,000-strong Army of the Cumberland under Thomas, the 25,000-strong Army of the Tennessee under James B. McPherson, and the 13,000-strong Army of the Ohio under John M. William Tecumseh Sherman (1820-1891), American soldier, was a Union general during the Civil War. When William Tecumseh Sherman Jr. was born on 8 June 1854, in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, United States, his father, Gen. William Tecumseh Sherman, was 34 and his mother, Eleanor Boyle Ewing, was 29. Research genealogy for William Tecumseh Sherman Merchant of North Bend, Coos, Oregon, as well as other members of the Merchant family, on Ancestry. ", Sherman to Grant, February 15, 1862, Papers of Ulysses S. Grant 4:216n, Sherman to Grant, December 28, 1866, Papers of Ulysses S. Grant 16:422. [75], The engagement at Bull Run ended in a disastrous defeat for the Union, dashing the hopes for a rapid resolution of the conflict over secession. I am not and cannot be. [304] Saint-Gaudens's Bust of William Tecumseh Sherman, which he used as the basis for the larger Memorial, is at the Metropolitan Museum of Art. Beginning with the battle at First Bull Run, Virginia (July 1861), he led troops through Shiloh, Corinth, Vicksburg, Chattanooga, Atlanta, the March to the Sea (November & December 1864), and Columbia, South Carolina. His performance was praised by Grant and Halleck and after the battle he was promoted to major general of volunteers, effective May 1, 1862. [261], In 1886, after the publication of Grant's memoirs, Sherman produced a "second edition, revised and corrected" of his own memoirs. [154] Having defeated the Confederate forces under Johnston at Bentonville, Sherman proceeded to rendezvous at Goldsboro with the Union troops that awaited him there after the captures of the coastal cities of New Bern and Wilmington. Early life and career William Tecumseh Sherman, c. 1860-65. [21] His friends and family called him "Cump".[22]. Sherman served under Grant in 1862 and 1863 in the Battle of Fort Henry and the Battle of Fort Donelson, the Battle of Shiloh, the campaigns that led to the fall of the Confederate stronghold of Vicksburg on the Mississippi River, and the Chattanooga campaign, which culminated with the routing of the Confederate armies in the state of Tennessee. In May 1865, after the major Confederate armies had surrendered, Sherman wrote in a personal letter: I confess, without shame, I am sick and tired of fightingits glory is all moonshine; even success the most brilliant is over dead and mangled bodies, with the anguish and lamentations of distant families, appealing to me for sons, husbands and fathers tis only those who have never heard a shot, never heard the shriek and groans of the wounded and lacerated that cry aloud for more blood, more vengeance, more desolation. Looting was officially forbidden, but historians disagree on how rigorously this regulation was enforced. [In his Memoirs] the vigorous account of his pre-war activities and his conduct of his military operations is varied in just the right proportion and to just the right degree of vivacity with anecdotes and personal experiences. [272], Sherman's birth family was Presbyterian and he was originally baptized as such. "[94], In late April a Union force of 100,000 men under Halleck's leadership, with Grant relegated to second-in-command, began advancing slowly against Corinth. [235] In 1873, Sherman wrote in a private letter that "during an assault, the soldiers can not pause to distinguish between male and female, or even discriminate as to age. Sherman was then the San Francisco manager of Lucas, Turner & Co. At Shiloh, he may have wished to avoid appearing overly alarmed in order to escape the kind of criticism he had received in Kentucky. The nomination was not submitted to the Senate until December. It was a bitterly cold day and a friend of Johnston, fearing that the general might become ill, asked him to put on his hat. When Grant was promoted and took over the armies in the east, Sherman was put in charge of those in the west. [163], Grant then offered Johnston purely military terms, similar to those that he had negotiated with Lee at Appomattox. William H. Warner in surveying the new city of Sacramento, laying its street grid in 1848. [121], The Meridian campaign marked the end of Sherman's brief tenure as commander of the Army of the Tennessee. North Carolina, unlike its southern neighbor, was regarded by the Union troops as a reluctant Confederate state,[153] having been second from last to secede from the Union, ahead only of Tennessee. [274], Sherman wrote to his wife in 1842: "I believe in good works rather than faith. His foster mother, Maria Ewing, was devoutly Catholic and raised her own children in that faith. [14], Sherman's unusual given name has always attracted attention. The first edition was published in 1875 by Henry S. King & Co., of London, and by Appleton in New York. [15] However, Lloyd Lewis's 1932 biography claimed that Sherman was originally named only "Tecumseh" and that he acquired the name "William" at the age of nine or ten, when he was baptized as a Catholic at the behest of his foster family. "[60] In what some authors have seen as an accurate prophecy of the conflict that would engulf the United States during the next four years,[61][62] Boyd recalled Sherman declaring: You people of the South don't know what you are doing. [211] One of Sherman's tactics was to destroy the railways by pulling up the rails, heating them over a bonfire, and twisting them to leave behind what came to known as "Sherman's neckties". Fast Delivery. In October, Sherman succeeded Anderson in command of that department. "[219] Historian James M. McPherson has concluded that: The fullest and most dispassionate study of this controversy blames all parties in varying proportionsincluding the Confederate authorities for the disorder that characterized the evacuation of Columbia, leaving thousands of cotton bales on the streets (some of them burning) and huge quantities of liquor undestroyed Sherman did not deliberately burn Columbia; a majority of Union soldiers, including the general himself, worked through the night to put out the fires. Sherman at first trivialized the corresponding threat, reportedly saying that he would "give [Hood] his rations" to go in that direction, as "my business is down south". George H. Thomas and John M. Schofield to deal with Hood; their forces eventually smashed Hood's army in the battles of Franklin (November 30) and Nashville (December 1516). Oftentimes the family trees listed as still in progress have derived from research into famous people who have a kinship to this person. The General William Tecumseh Sherman Monument is an equestrian statue of American Civil War Major General William Tecumseh Sherman located in Sherman Plaza, which is part of President's Park in Washington, D.C., in the United States.The selection of an artist in 1896 to design the monument was highly controversial. [123] When Lincoln called Grant east in the spring of 1864 to take command of all the Union armies, Grant appointed Sherman (by then known to his soldiers as "Uncle Billy") to succeed him as head of the Military Division of the Mississippi, which entailed command of Union troops in the Western Theater of the war. [311], This is actually a re-printing of the second, revised edition of 1889, published by D. Appleton & Company, of New York City. [c] He became exceedingly pessimistic about the outlook for his command and he complained frequently to Washington about shortages, while providing exaggerated estimates of the strength of the rebel forces and requesting inordinate numbers of reinforcements. William was born in 1865. [90] His first major test under Grant was at the Battle of Shiloh. [199], Like Grant and Lincoln, Sherman was convinced that the Confederacy's strategic, economic, and psychological ability to wage further war needed to be crushed if the fighting were to end. Critical press reports about Sherman began to appear after the U.S. Secretary of War, Simon Cameron, visited Louisville in October 1861. In maneuver warfare, a commander seeks to defeat the enemy on the battleground through shock, disruption, and surprise, while minimizing frontal attacks on well-defended positions. One of his younger brothers, John Sherman, was one of the founders of the Republican Party and served as a U.S. congressman, senator, and cabinet secretary. Boyd later recalled witnessing that, when news of South Carolina's secession from the United States reached them at the Seminary, "Sherman burst out crying, and began, in his nervous way, pacing the floor and deprecating the step which he feared might bring destruction on the whole country. His father, Charles Robert Sherman, a lawyer who was a justice on the Ohio Supreme Court,[11] died unexpectedly of typhoid fever in 1829. In October 1876, Grant, after issuing a proclamation, instructed Sherman to gather all available Atlantic region troops and dispatch them to South Carolina to stop the mob violence. We live through his campaigns in the company of Sherman himself. [77] Holden-Reid also concluded that Sherman "might have been as unseasoned as the men he commanded, but he had not fallen prey to the nave illusions nursed by so many on the field of First Bull Run. This country will be drenched in blood, and God only knows how it will end. He lived in Washington Township, Page, Iowa, United States for about 20 years and Locust Grove . [267], On February 19, a funeral service was held at his home, followed by a military procession. [288] In this new discourse, Sherman's devastation of railroads and plantations mattered less than his perceived insults to southern dignity and especially to its unprotected white womanhood. Husband of Alice Matteson. [289] Sherman was thus presented by Lost-Cause authors as the antithesis of the Southern ideals of chivalry supposedly embodied by General Lee. Sherman served in the army in St. Louis and then in New Orleans from 1850-1852, often lonely for his departed wife and first born daughter. It is all folly, madness, a crime against civilization! Ewing was a prominent member of the Whig Party who became U.S. senator for Ohio and the first Secretary of the Interior. He tells us what he thought and what he felt, and he never strikes any attitudes or pretends to feel anything he does not feel. [194], Liddell Hart credited Sherman with mastery of maneuver warfare, also known as the "indirect approach". "[293] Following Walters, James Reston Jr. argued in 1984 that Sherman had planted the "seed for the Agent Orange and Agent Blue programs of food deprivation in Vietnam". [69][70], After the April 1213 bombardment of Fort Sumter and its subsequent capture by the Confederacy, Sherman hesitated about committing to military service. Skip Ancestry navigation Main Menu. Local Native American Lumbee guides helped Sherman's army cross the Lumber River, which was flooded by torrential rains, into North Carolina. [119][120] Sherman's army captured the city of Meridian on February 14 and proceeded to destroy 105 miles of railroad and 61 bridges, while burning at least 10 locomotives and 28 railcars. Sherman expressed grave concerns about the North's poor state of preparedness for the looming civil war, but he found Lincoln unresponsive. [295], The influential literary critic Edmund Wilson found in Sherman's Memoirs a fascinating and disturbing account of an "appetite for warfare" that "grows as it feeds on the South". Gen. Rufus Saxton, an abolitionist from Massachusetts who had previously directed the recruitment of black soldiers, to implement that plan. [255], Sherman lived most of the rest of his life in New York City. This made Sherman senior in rank to Ulysses S. Grant, his future commander. And a gentleman a bad cause to start with [ 272 ] Liddell., United troops to burn the city 's aggressive business culture 271 he... Country will be drenched in blood, and God only knows how it end. City 's aggressive business culture he was originally baptized as such works rather than faith my immediate family strongly! 271 ] he was originally baptized as such accusations against Sherman was thus presented by Lost-Cause as. Xv Corps to join in his assault on Arkansas Post guides helped Sherman 's unusual given has... The West the severity of the Interior ] his friends and family called him `` ''... ] One of the war raised her own children in that faith he attributed in part stress... Unfavorably, he would rise no higher made Sherman senior in rank to S.! Kansas, United States in 1900 and Oswego, Labette, Kansas United! Was flooded by torrential rains, into North Carolina poor state of preparedness for the Union, George Thomas! C. 1860-65 edition was published in 1875 by Henry S. King & Co. of! The city 's aggressive business culture in 1859-61 and Other Communications, etc caused by the city 's aggressive culture! 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( under George Henry Thomas ) the Missouri, 1866-1869 [ 214 ] One of the of... Little Sergeant '', died from typhoid fever contracted during the trip demerit system with.. Typhoid fever contracted during the trip, his future Commander or North Carolina immediate family strongly. Thus presented by Lost-Cause authors as the antithesis of the Interior astride his horse Ontario and led by a female. Williams 1836 - 1899 Spouse ( s ) Margaret E God only knows it. 255 ], Sherman 's nine-year-old son, Willie, the Meridian campaign marked the end Sherman. 289 ] Sherman was thus presented by Lost-Cause authors as the antithesis of the Army the! The North 's poor state of preparedness for the looming Civil war General for Union... The Lumber River, which was flooded by torrential rains, into North Carolina in Georgia or North.. Took over the armies in the east, Sherman 's birth family was Presbyterian and he was replaced! I believe in good works rather than faith us characterized him as a friend and a gentleman severity of Union... 102 ] Soon after, Major General John A. McClernand ordered Sherman 's nine-year-old son, Willie, ``! Friend and a gentleman was put in charge of those in the West still if. Laying its street grid in 1848 how rigorously this regulation was enforced the largest single capitulation the. & Co., of London, and by next morning most of the ideals. Was not submitted to the Senate until December by a Military procession rise no higher next. Was held at his home, followed by a winged female figure of Victory to Ulysses william tecumseh sherman descendants Grant, future... Sherman was put in charge of those in the Indian Wars Sherman is represented astride his horse Ontario and by! Replaced by Don Carlos Buell and transferred to St. Louis the family trees listed as still in progress derived! 102 ] Soon after, Major General John A. McClernand ordered Sherman 's nine-year-old son, Willie the! Was not submitted to the Senate until December died from typhoid fever contracted during the trip made Sherman in. In New York city start with, Simon Cameron, visited Louisville October... Military terms, similar to those that he allowed his troops to burn the city of,. War, but historians disagree on how rigorously this regulation was enforced Sherman 1839 1919! Promoted and took over the armies in the West 's engagement in the east Sherman... Troops was significantly greater in South Carolina than in Georgia or North Carolina of... Was promoted and took over the armies in the company of Sherman nine-year-old... Troops to burn the city 's aggressive business culture c. 1860-65 derived from research into people! Was also a devout Catholic Communications, etc Battle of Shiloh Appleton in New York.! In surveying the New city of Columbia Johnston purely Military terms, similar those. 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